In the second wave, resource extraction was the main motive for government officials. In the first wave, the treaties were key in advancing European settlement across the Prairie regions as well as the development of the Canadian Pacific Railway. These treaties came in two waves-Numbers 1 through 7 from 1871 to 1877 and Numbers 8 through 11 from 1899 to 1921. These terms were dependent on individual negotiations and so specific terms differed with each treaty. These treaties expanded the Dominion of Canada with large tracts of land in exchange for promises made to the indigenous people of the area.

These agreements were created to allow the Government of Canada to pursue settlement and resource extraction in the affected regions, which include modern-day Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories. The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the First Nations, one of three groups of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, and the reigning monarch of Canada ( Victoria, Edward VII or George V) from 1871 to 1921. Key representatives of First Nations groups: Crowfoot ( Blackfoot Confederacy), Big Bear ( Cree Nation), Chief Powassin (Ojibwe Nation), Chief Keenooshayoo (Athabasca First Nations) Christie, James McKay, James Macleod, James Hamilton Ross, J.A.J. Key representatives of the Canadian Crown: Adams George Archibald, Alexander Morris, David Laird, Duncan Campbell Scott, Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson, S.J. Treaties to transfer large tracts of land from the First Nations to the Crown in return for different promises laid out in the treaty

Bounty and Benevolence by Arthur J. Ray